Ushr is the Zakat on agricultural produce, traditionally set at 10% (one-tenth) for crops irrigated by natural means — such as rain, rivers, or springs — and 5% (one-twentieth) for crops irrigated through human effort, such as wells or mechanical pumps.
The distinction in rates reflects the differing costs of production. Natural irrigation involves no expense, so a higher proportion of the yield is directed to Zakat. Mechanical irrigation involves cost and labor, so the rate is halved. Some scholars hold that if a mix of irrigation methods is used, a rate of 7.5% may apply.
Ushr is due at the time of harvest, not on an annual basis like Zakat al-Mal. There is scholarly discussion about whether a Nisab applies to agricultural Zakat. The Hanafi school holds that Ushr applies regardless of the quantity harvested, while other schools require a minimum threshold of approximately 5 Wasq (about 653 kg) before Ushr becomes due.
Related Terms
Zakat al-Mal(زكاة المال)
Zakat on wealth — the annual 2.5% obligation on accumulated assets that meet or exceed the Nisab threshold.
Nisab(نصاب)
The minimum wealth threshold that makes Zakat obligatory. Based on the value of gold (85g) or silver (595g) for Sunni schools.
Zakatable Wealth
The portion of a person's total wealth that is subject to Zakat calculation — excluding personal-use items like a primary home and vehicle.
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